Holidays February 9
International Dental Day
The popularity of this holiday is growing every year in many countries of the world. It is known that the day of the holy Apollonia is considered the primary source of this holiday, this day has been celebrated by dentists for a long time. The father of the girl who believed in Christ was an Alexandrian official. Persecutors of Christianity, considered its activities a bad example for the people who adhered to polytheism and firmly believed that their emperor was of truly divine origin. Holy Apollonia was brutally tortured. The torturers demanded that she renounce Christianity. However, the girl adequately coped with all these sufferings and, under the threat of the death penalty, did not abandon her faith. The saint asked the tormentors to be unleashed and said that she was ready to kneel in front of a crowd of people and fulfill their demands. The holy woman was unleashed; she went into the flame of fire on her own. This incident occurred in the year 249. There is a legend that if teeth ache, you can say out loud the name of this girl, and the pain will pass. Approximately nine thousand years ago, the ancient "dentists" already used the semblance of a modern drill. This discovery was made by French and American scientists. During the study of the Pakistani province, found the remains of people who lived in the VII century BC. In the teeth of ancient people were found holes that had the perfect diameter. Proof of the art of the ancient "dentists" were the holes in the molars, which are in hard to reach places.
St Maroon's Day in Lebanon
Saint Maroun was the protector of the Marunites. The entire Christian community of Marunites celebrates this holiday in many cities and countries of the world. Lebanese Marunites were formed in the fourth century, after a group of disciples gathered near St. Maroon. For a long time he was in the place of Metropolitan Botris, and after the death of Patriarch Theophanes, thanks to the Marunites, he ascended the patriarchal throne of Antioch. After Maroon fulfilled his noble mission, he died surrounded by righteous disciples and purposeful followers. At the end of the eighth century, a group of Marun followers headed by monks went to mountain Lebanon, where they existed for centuries in conditional isolation. It was at that time that the special Church was founded, its bishop was called the Patriarch of Antioch and the East. Four more centuries passed, and the unity of the Marunites and Rome was formally confirmed. During the collection of the Marunite church, which took place on the Lebanese mountain, various canons were issued, which divided the church into dioceses. There were also established the rules in accordance with which the righteous church life was to pass. Some canons are preserved in our time. In 1790, the residence of the patriarch of Marunite moved to Bkirki. In our time, the Church has about a dozen dioceses, more than eighty parishes, and eight other jurisdictions that are located in the Middle East. In Lebanon, this Church is the largest. Marunite priests, like most Eastern Catholics, do not observe celibacy. When conducting worship, the special Marunite rite is used, which contains a number of basic elements from the rites of various parts of Syria.
Berlin International Film Festival
Berlin Film Festival - "Berlinale", in its cultural importance is not inferior to the famous, Cannes and Venice, film festivals. Since 1951, the Berlinale Film Festival has been held in Berlin annually. It is noteworthy that the German Film Festival, unlike others, is more focused on the author and intellectual cinema. The festival program consists of full-length and short-length, intellectually-oriented pictures. A prerequisite for the participation of the film in the Berlin Film Festival is not a demonstration of it at any other film festivals. The festival traditionally takes place in the pop palace "Berlinale Palast". The jury of the festival are eminent directors, actors and critics. It was at the Berlin Film Festival that world-famous directors of the world received international recognition: Akiva Kurosawa, Roman Polanski, Francois Truffaut, Ingmar Bergan and others. Until 1975, Soviet films did not take part in the Berlin Film Festival. By tradition, more than three hundred films are shown at the festival. It is visited by more than two hundred thousand spectators. The main award of the festival is the golden bear. For the second place in the festival, the jury awards, the silver bear, and for the third bronze. In 2011, the film festival opened a 3D cinema nomination.
February 9 in the national calendar
Zlatoust'ev fire
This day in Russia was named in memory of John Chrysostom, who was known as the Archbishop of Constantinople and theologian. The church honors John as one of the three famous saints and teachers, who were Basil the Great, Gregory the Theologian, and John Chrysostom. John was considered a brilliant preacher, he had an oratorical gift, so he was called Chrysostom. The people prayed to this saint so that he would enlighten their minds so that they could comprehend the spiritual letter, and also asked the saint to help in despair. The peasants on this day uttered a special conspiracy that was supposed to help if their teeth ached. On this day, special attention had to be paid to the hearth, so this holiday was called Chrysostyev fire. Peasants flooded their stoves so that all the wood caught fire immediately. If this was done, it means that there will be peace and prosperity in the family. In order to perform this ceremony, the peasants had to dry up the wood in advance and pinch off the splinter. It is known that there were many will take on this day, according to them the weather could be predicted. It was believed if the clouds float against the wind, it is worth waiting for the snow; if the glass was sweating in the houses, then it will soon be warm. When snowstorms broke, snowdrifts were formed, and the peasants looked at them, if the tops were rounded - this promised a good harvest.
Historical events February 9
February 9, 1893 striptease "birth"
The first striptease performance took place on February 9 in the elite Parisian Moulin Rouge cabaret. The charming dancer Mona completely exposed her body and continued the beautiful erotic dance. From where the police did not appear, the girl was immediately arrested and fined for indecent behavior in a public place. The arrest of the dancer caused a flurry of indignation from French society, riots broke out in Paris, people protested against the violation of democracy principles. Nowadays, striptease shows are not shocking and do not cause anyone any special surprise. In addition, in popular culture: cinema, television, "yellow press", etc., eroticism has become an integral part of modern society. In Europe and the United States, workers and workers in the striptease industry are perceived by society as people of their profession, such as a hairdresser, salesman, or even a nurse. In the countries of the former USSR, the attitude towards representatives of the striptease industry is somewhat restrained, but also not aggressive, but still no one dares put an equal sign between the stripper and the nurse. In the post-Soviet countries, the “Soviet mentality” is still strong and, at least, they are reserved with the representatives of the striptease business, but they are not considered to be equal to such professions as the seller or nurse. Subconsciously, citizens of the post-Soviet space treat striptease artists as a kind of lower social caste. However, with pleasure they visit places where artists perform in the striptease genre.
February 9, 1895 volleyball birthday
A new team game was invented on February 9, 1895, in the town of Holyoke (Massachusetts). The initiators of the creation of a new sport were young Christians headed by William Morgan, who decided to combine elements of basketball, baseball and handball. Morgan borrowed a net from tennis, which he placed at a height of almost two meters from the floor. At first, the number of athletes was not limited to any particular number. Americans nicknamed the new game - "mintonette". In 1896, volleyball was presented to the public at a meeting of the Union of Christian Youth, in Springfield. Here the first international volleyball association was formed, which actively promoted the spread of a new sport around the world. In 1897, sports professionals compiled a quick reference book on the rules of the game of volleyball. Outside the United States, volleyball came out in 1900 and began to spread rapidly around the world, and the new sport gained particular popularity in the USSR. It took several decades after the birth of a new sport and game, won millions of fans around the world. In the middle of the twentieth century, volleyball became an Olympic sport. And this was the highest recognition for the new sports direction.
February 9, 1897 a census population in the Russian Empire
Accounting for the population is an important component of the effective functioning of the state. In Russia, the population was recalculated many times, the cause of the beginning of the population counting was the imposition of toll from the Tatars. In addition, the Russian princes, it was easier to control the people whose number for certain, was known and his estate structure, remained without secrecy. From the XV century in Russia were the so-called Arctic fox books, which, to the extent possible, fixed the growth and decline of the population, as well as a change in its estate composition. In the 17th century, the so-called primary taxation units — the yard or the household — were introduced, after which the census and population census became known as the household census. Since the beginning of the 18th century, regular audits of taxed souls have been conducted, over the entire century of such audits more than ten have been carried out, but they did not give accurate fiscal results. Moreover, because of the vastness of the Russian land, each such revision could last for several years. When Emperor Alexander II abolished serfdom in Russia, the census began with a new force and zeal. Accounting was carried out in all provinces, cities and villages, all of these censuses were conducted about two hundred. The first general census of the population of Russia was held on February 9, 1897, at the initiative of the Russian scientist P.P. Semenova - Tien - Shansky. According to the census, it turned out that the population in Russia was 124.6 million people. In Soviet times, the population corresponded many times, beginning in 1920 and ending in 1989. After the collapse of the USSR, the first census took place in 2002. Due to financial instability in the country, there is no possibility of regular censuses.
February 9, 1923 Civil Aviation Council organized
With the advent of civil aviation, there was a need for strict technical control of the airways. The first air passenger line in the RSFSR was opened in the early 1920s, the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod message, the distance of the line was more than four hundred kilometers. After this event, the People's Commissariat of the RSFSR decided to establish a voluntary civil air fleet society called Dobrolet. This period is considered the beginning of the development of civil aviation in Russia. The function of technical control over the lines of civil air fleet was assigned to the state administration of the air fleet. The decree came into force on February 9, 1923. The next step in the development of civil aviation was the creation of the first passenger aircraft Li-2, which could carry up to 24 passengers. At the end of the war, a new passenger aircraft, the IL-12, was created, more convenient and comfortable. Since the 50s civil aviation has at its disposal multi-seat and more modern passenger aircraft: Tu-104, Tu-114, Il-18, An-10. In 1965, the USSR created the largest at that time passenger plane, the Antey (An-22). In 1968, the Tu-154 was commissioned. In our time, civil aviation of the Russian Federation, covers up to 30% of all passenger traffic in the country. Traditionally, February 9 is celebrated as the birthday of civil passenger aviation in Russia.
February 9, 1948 Aikido center established in Tokyo
Aikido is a system of ancient Japanese martial arts, combined into one discipline. The master owning the aikido system is considered a powerful and dangerous adversary. He created the famous master system Ueshiba Morihei, throughout his life he collected the best he could find in various Japanese martial arts. The main elements of aikido are throws and holds with particularly strong and painful grips. Earlier in Japan, aikido was considered a secret system that could be owned by the elect, in particular Japanese ninja knights. Nowadays, the Aikido system is very popular, in Japan, it is fond of young people, it is taught in schools and special sections. Special units of the Japanese police are specially trained in this ancient and effective combat system. On February 9, 1948, the world aikido center was established in Tokyo, and the most eminent teachers of the country conduct classes here. According to the rules of training, the young master of aikido, who has earned, is given no lower than the second level, concludes a contract for full training and becomes an intern mentor. The next 5 years the trainee is waiting for hard training and full obedience to the master-tutor. After graduation, the student who has reached 6th dan is awarded the title Sukhana. In the 70s, the International Aikido System Association was created.
February 9 were born
Vasily Zhukovsky (February 9, 1783 - April 24, 1852), Russian romantic poet
Vasily Andreyevich Zhukovsky was born on February 9, 1783 in the village of Mishensky, in the family of a noble landowner Bunin. Vasily's mother was a captive of the Salch woman from Turkey, who was brought to the peasants during the war and presented to Bunin. Vasily received his upbringing in the Bunin family, but he took the surname and patronymic from his godfather, who was the poor nobleman Andrei Zhukovsky, who lived in the house of Bunin. Vasily studied in Tula, in a famous private guesthouse, then in the Noble guesthouse at the University of Moscow. Zhukovsky began to print poetry when he was in a boarding house. When in 1802 the free period of the rural poetry graveyard of the English poet Thomas Gray was published, Zhukovsky became famous. In 1815, Zhukovsky released the first collection of poems, while he was already considered the best Russian poet. At the same time, Zhukovsky was appointed a teacher of the Russian language to a noble royal family. Zhukovsky is considered one of the pioneers of Russian romanticism. In the ballads written by Zhukovsky, the reader has opened the sincere inner spiritual world of the poet. His poems are musical, singing. Zhukovsky, along with Batiushkov, practically created Russian lyrics and laid new paths for the creation of Russian poetry. The poet believed in the affairs of the Lord, he had monarchical convictions, but he defended at the court of various figures who were persecuted for tsarism. Under his auspices were Pushkin and Shevchenko. Zhukovsky is considered a classic of poetic translation, it was he who acquainted the Russian public with the best examples of world poetry.
Vasily Chapaev (February 9, 1887 - September 5, 1919), Commander of the Red Army
Vasily Chapaev was born on February 9, 1887 in Chuvashia. In 1908, Vasily was called to the front, due to the height of the First World War. For courage and bravery, Chapaev was awarded four times with St. George's crosses, he was also assigned to the rank of sub-ensign. In 1917, Vasily was wounded and was taken to hospital in Saratov. After the hospital, Chapaev adjoins the Bolsheviks and becomes commander of the 138th Infantry Regiment, in 1918 he was appointed Commissar of Internal Affairs, Nikolayevskiy Uyezd. Soon a kulak revolt broke out in this district, Chapaev participating in its suppression. In 1918 he undergoes a short course at the Academy of the General Staff of the Red Army, then he is sent to the front. Soon, under his command was transferred to the twenty-fifth rifle division, which led successful battles with the troops of Kolchak. In fights with Kolchak, Chapaev showed courage and bravery, and also proved to be a talented commander. For successful hostilities, he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. Vasily Chapaev died on September 5, 1919, being surrounded by White Guard troops. According to the popular version, he drowned in the Ural River when the wounded man tried to swim across it.
Wilhelm Maybach (February 9, 1846 - December 29, 1929), a German aircraft designer
Wilhelm Maybach was born on 02/09/1846 in Heilbronn, the child lost his parents early and lived and brought up in a shelter for children from poor families until he was 13 years old. There he received a profession draftsman and designer. Technical education Wilhelm continued at the car factory. Soon Maybach acquainted with the leadership of the automobile plant, represented by the owner of the plant Gottlieb Daimler. Getting close to the technical field, Wilhelm and Gottlieb became interested in the idea of reducing the size of the internal combustion engine, which would be much more compact and more convenient when putting it on a car. However, auto-industrialists did not initially accept this innovative idea, because for this it would be necessary to carry out a deep modernization of the entire automotive industry. At the beginning of the 20th century, Maybach created a Mercedes car, by special order of the Austrian industrialist Emil Ellinek. The new vehicle, at that time, was a revolutionary technical solution. In the new car designer uses new inventions: a gearbox and a cooler for the engine. Jellinek calls the new car "Mercedes", in honor of his beloved daughter. Soon, Maybach, together with his son, creates the company "Motor-building of Maybach". Now the brand "Maybach", owned by "Daimler AG".
Boris Andreev (February 9, 1915 - April 25, 1982), Soviet theater and film actor
The future Soviet actor was born in Saratov on February 9, 1915 in a normal, working family. Boris's childhood and youth were spent in the vicinity of Saratov. After graduating from seven years, Boris began working as an electrician at a combine plant. At the same time, he began to take part in the factory drama circle, where he played a variety of roles. The actor of one of the Saratov theaters drew the attention of a young actor to a self-taught actor, and he helped Andreev to enter the Saratov Theater School. In 1937, Boris graduated from the theatrical technical school and went to work at the Saratov Drama Theater. The theater often toured the country, on one of these tours, the young actor was noticed by the famous director Pyryev. The director invited Andreev to the picture "Tractor Drivers", which was released in 1939. The picture brought the actor quite a lot of popularity and love of the audience. Then there were no less famous films: "Big Life", "The Tale of the Siberian Land", "Kuban Cossacks", "Two Fighters" and others. In parallel with the cinematographic activity, the actor was engaged in literary work, voiced films and animated works. The actor was a great admirer of Shakespeare and understood it better than any literary critic. The people loved Andreev very much and, during his lifetime, recognized the actor as an outstanding national artist.
Alisher Navoi (February 9, 1441 - January 3, 1501), Uzbek poet
Alisher Navoi was born on 09.02.1441 in a bureaucratic family. From the age of 15, Navoi was already known as a young and talented poet who wrote his poetry in Turkic and Iranian languages. Alisher studied at the universities of Herat, Mashhad and Samarkand. In 1469, Navoi was appointed seal keeper of the ruler of Khorasan, Sultan Hussein. In 1472, Navoi was appointed Sultan, the head of one of the emirates. As governor of the province, Navoi patronized scholars, artists and musicians, poets and doctors. He built schools, hospitals, bridges and mosques. Possessing a humanistic worldview, Navoi spoke out against despotism and not a fair bureaucratic court. Navoi, as he could, defended the interests of the common people and often clashed with the sultan. His progressive views and actions caused a lot of discontent among court officials. Soon, Navoi was sent to the distant province of Astrabad, where he served for a time as a ruler. And yet, realizing that he is unable to transform and reorganize the state in the spirit of enlightenment and equality of rights, Navoi resigns and begins to engage in violent literary activity. He spread the ideas of humanism and social equality between all sectors of society. The books of Navoi have been translated into more than 150 languages of the world, his work has developed into a kind of cultural philosophy.
Name Day February 9
Ivan, Dmitry, Peter, Jan
