Holidays January 4th
Burmese Union Day
Myanmar National Day is celebrated on January 4, 1948. After being liberated from Japanese oppression in 1945, a civil war broke out in Myanmar. Each of many nationalities claimed the central authority in the country. The civil confrontation lasted until 1948, when the most numerous and influential national groups reached an agreement on a ceasefire and formalizing the Burmese union. However, the ceasefire did not last long; soon a new ethnic conflict arose. For all the time of the independent existence of the union, the country practically did not know peacetime. A series of coups and revolutions drained Myanmar. Each new government could not cope with the pressing problems of the state. During the period free from colonial oppression, a number of forms of socio-political structure changed in the country. Myanmar saw capitalism, and monarchy, and unsuccessful socialism, and wild communism, and not one of the forms of government could not get along on Burmese soil. Currently, the Burmese Union is a nominal entity, each province is actually a state in the state. None of the provinces recognize central government authority. Most of the rebel regions have their own armed forces capable of repelling the government army. They have their own laws and orders, and many have retained the features of feudal relations. From the side, the Burmese union is more like a confederate formation, but in fact it is a territory with poorly managed specific principalities, torn apart by insurmountable contradictions. The socio-economic situation of the country is extremely deplorable and similar to the situation in Afghanistan. The holiday of the Burmese Union is actually not celebrated in Myanmar and is celebrated on a formal level in the metropolitan area.
Putrada Ekadashi
Hindus call their country Bharata-varsa, and they call themselves Bharata. Bharat is translated as a descendant of Bharat, in ancient times it was the emperor of the whole Earth. The custom of celebrating this celebration is very ancient, the same as the story of the emperor Bharata, which is described in the Vedas and Puranas. On the day of this holiday, people try to better understand Sri Narayana, who manifests himself through the names, qualities and deeds that are described in the sacred texts of the Vedas. Let's tell a little about the history of Putrad Ekadashi from Bhavishya Purana. In the kingdom of Bhadravati, King Sukutuman ruled, his wife was a worthy woman, and everything was fine and comfortable, but they were very worried that they did not have a son. At that time, there was a tradition according to which, after the death of his father, it was the son who had to conduct a regular rite of tarpan, he consisted in offering water to the ancestors. The king said that without a son, marriage is useless. The house of a family man who does not have a son was empty. A person deprived of a son is not able to repay his ancestors, so every married person should try to give birth to a son. When a son is born, a person will gain glory throughout the world, and will reach the heavenly abode. Once, the king went for a walk in the forest. Enjoying the virgin nature of the forest, he saw various animals there, who had rich offspring, from this sight the king was saddened even more. For half a day he wandered through the forest in thought and began to suffer from thirst and hunger. The king began to search for water and stumbled upon a beautiful pond, the holy sages lived next to him, they sang the names of God, and sorted out the rosary. The king bowed to them with reverence, and, joining his palms, glorified them. He was very happy that he was in the company of holy sages. The elders, as it turned out, came to this place to bathe on the day of Putrad Ekadashi. The saints told the king that anyone who wants to give birth to a son must observe this post very strictly. Soon the queen became pregnant, and gave birth to a wonderful son, later he glorified his father and gladly continued to care for the subjects of his kingdom, just as he had been told by a religious duty.
January 4 on the folk calendar
Memorial Day of St. Anastasia
The Holy Great Martyr Anastasia was called the Counselor. She received this name because she pleased the prisoners who were imprisoned for believing in Christ. She greatly alleviated the suffering of prisoners. This saint lived in Rome, at a time when there was persecution of Christians. In the old days, the holy great martyress recited prayers, so that childbirth would take place without complications. According to tradition, women embroidered a towel on this day, believed that it would help during childbirth. The woman who embroidered this towel was popularly called the fashion designer, and the embroidery she embroidered was called the fashion designer. This towel was a kind of amulet.
Anastasia was the daughter of a noble and wealthy Roman. Her mother was of the Christian faith, and her father was a pagan. The girl received a brilliant upbringing, and was distinguished by her intelligence and beauty. Thanks to the mother, love for Christ was kindled in her heart, and thanks to Christ to all ybobv and the afflicted. She showed the greatest concern to people who were imprisoned. After the mother of Anastasia died, she was forcibly married. Her husband was a cruel and strict man; he kept his wife in prison because he was afraid that she would spend all his wealth on prisoners. After the death of her husband, she received complete freedom. Since then, she has not limited herself only to the dungeons of Rome. She went to different cities, and to different countries, wore prisoners food, clothes, washed their wounds and asked the guards to free the prisoners from the iron shackles that rubbed their wounds, paid the guards good money for this. For all these deeds, she was called the Solicitor. One day she went to prison to prisoners whom she served yesterday, but they were not in prison, because they were all executed at night, Anastasia wept bitterly. The guards, seeing her suffering, concluded that she had the Christian faith, tied her up and put her on trial with the ruler. In prison, all measures of torture were taken to persuade Anastasia to abandon her faith, but the woman remained faithful to Christ. Then they came up with a terrible execution, tied to four pillars, lit a fire under them, and wanted to burn her alive, but it happened that before the fire broke out, Anastasia died.
Historical Events January 4
1878 year the liberation of Sofia by Russian troops from Turkish captivity
On January 4, 1878, Russian troops under the command of General Gurko liberated the capital of Bulgaria, Sofia. The capture of Sofia was part of the military operation of the Russian army, during the Russian-Turkish campaign. As you know, the military conflict between Russia and the Ottoman Empire arose against the backdrop of the rise of the national liberation movement of the Balkan peoples. In addition, Russia has long sought to extend its geopolitical and cultural influence to closely related Balkan peoples. The Balkan raid of Russian troops was warmly supported by the enslaved peoples of the Balkan Peninsula. The local army of national resistance actively helped the Russian army: the Bulgarian militia, the Armenian and Georgian police. In 1877, Russian divisions held off the Bulgarian city of Shipka and repelled a powerful blow from Turkish troops from the eastern direction. In the Caucasus, the Russian army stopped the advance of the Turkish military contingent, and after that inflicted a strong counterattack on the Turks. In a battle near the city of Aladzha, the Turkish army was defeated and forced to surrender. Having defeated the main forces of the Ottomans, Russian troops easily occupied the cities of Kars and Erzurum. In the Balkans, on December 10, the Russians forced the capitulation of the Turkish garrison in Plevna. Soon, the Russian armies defeated the Turkish troops of Generals Wessel Pasha and Suleiman Pasha. Before the threat of occupation by the Russian army of Constantinople, the Turkish Sultan called on England and Austria-Hungary to help their allies. The reaction of Britain was quick, its fleet entered the waters of the Sea of Marmara and became a raid off the coast of Constantinople. The Russian side, not wanting to provoke the opening of a second front, abandoned the idea of taking Constantinople. Soon, a favorable world for the Russian and Balkan peoples was signed.
1896 year Utah is part of the United States
Before the arrival of the land of the current state of Utah, the Europeans, indigenous tribes of the Indians lived here. It is assumed that by the name of one of the tribes, the state was also named. The first Europeans to visit the lands of Utah, was Francisco de Coronado with his detachment, it happened around 1540. The discoverers searched here for the gold and treasures of Sibola, but they did not find either one or the other. The next time the Europeans will appear here only after 236 years, in order to study the terrain for the construction of roads. After another 49 years, fur traders and trappers visited Utah. The final year of the permanent presence of European colonialists in the lands of Utah was the 1840th year. During this period, settlers and traders lay their routes through Utah. At the same time, the first colonial settlements appeared in the state. A little later, here in an impassable and unexplored area, the religious functionaries of the Mormon church, who at that time were hiding from the persecution, take refuge. In 1849, Mormons created a pseudo state called the State of Honey Bees in Utah, and turned to the US Congress to accept their state into the United States. The United States Parliament was in no hurry to accept the "Mormon State" into the North American Union and limited itself to the formation of Utah territory, which was granted the right of a potential applicant to join the North American states. Brigham Young became interim manager of the territory. Utah became a full member of the United States of America on January 4, 1896, only after the Mormons refused to impose their customs and laws on the territory of the future state.
1985 year for the first time a child was born with the participation of a surrogate mother
Since ancient times, mankind has tried to fight infertility. Ancient healers intended to treat diseases of the reproductive system with the help of herbs, witchcraft rituals, and surgical interventions. They also resorted to the so-called traditional surrogacy, when an extraneous man or woman became the donor of an egg or sperm. However, this method of surrogacy, solved the problem only partially. After all, every married couple wants to have a biologically native child. But the method of traditional surrogacy gives the opportunity for biological kinship only to one of the parents. And yet, in the absence of other methods of helping childless couples, the method of natural surrogate motherhood helped one of the spouses to become the actual parent, and the second to know the joy of motherhood or fatherhood in a psychological sense. Only in the second half of the 20th century, thanks to scientific and technological progress, it became possible to make both parents happy. With the advent of in vitro fertilization techniques, millions of couples have a real opportunity to become happy parents. And even if a surrogate mother is involved in the problem, the IVF method also helps in most cases. The first child conceived by the method of IVF, was Louise Brown, born July 25, 1978, in England. On January 4, 1985, a child born by a surrogate mother was born in a clinic in London. In this case, the embryo of the biological parents was transferred to the surrogate mother, thus, the child born and born by her did not genetically have anything to do with the surrogate mother.
2004 year landing on the surface of Mars of the American spacecraft Spirit
After the landing of American astronauts on the lunar surface, the idea of further "conquest" of space took hold of mankind. The next celestial object, attracting the eyes of people, was the close neighbor of the Earth - Mars. The interest of people in Mars comes from the depths of centuries. Ancient astronomers and philosophers attributed to Mars a divine essence. It was even supposed to have life on this planet. However, the first information about the Earth’s nearest neighbor was only possible with the advent of telescopes. Nevertheless, the telescopes did not bring much clarity about the structure of the planet, the composition of its atmosphere and the presence of life. They allowed to study the planet visually, to find its satellites, to partially examine its surface, but the telescopes did not give significant information. Only in the second half of the twentieth century with the advent of the space age did the possibility of a direct study of other planets become a reality. Since 1964, the space powers of the USA and the USSR have carried out a number of launches of automatic stations to the planet Mars. The first launched vehicles explored Mars at close range, photographed the planet, measured the level of radiation and the power of electromagnetic radiation. In the future, such ships were able to land on the surface of the planet and study directly its soil, atmosphere and other phenomena. Another similar device was the American space shuttle Spirit, sent to Mars in 2003 and descended to its surface on January 4, 2004. The main objective of this expedition was a detailed study of the surface of the planet and the identification of signs of life on it. Thanks to modern equipment installed on the apparatus of Spirit, scientists hope to get more meaningful information about Mars. After all, the spacecraft sent before this still have not clarified many issues regarding this planet.
1942 year Time magazine declared Joseph Stalin the man of the year
"Person of the Year" is a traditional section of the American magazine "Time" publishing a rating of influential people since 1927. The criteria of this heading may correspond to persons who have, over the past year, significantly influenced processes in the world and in society. Moreover, it does not matter what the influence was, negative and positive. The first nominee for the title "Person of the Year" was pilot Charles Lindbergh, who overcame the ocean alone. He was awarded this title back in 1927. Twice the “man of the year” was the American president F. Roosevelt, General Chiang Kai-shek, in 1938 the “man of the year” was awarded to Adolf Hitler. In 1939, according to the weekly’s editorial board, Joseph Stalin became the “man of the year”, in 1942, Stalin again received this title. However, this nomination characterizes Stalin not as the leader of a dictator, but as a fighter against the fascist plague. Here is an excerpt from that issue of the magazine: “Not a step back! ... 1942 was a year of blood and struggle. A man whose surname is associated with the word steel, whose will and unbending character stands in the way of the Nazi hordes is the man of 1942 Joseph Stalin. He knows what a threat loomed over the USSR in 1942, and he knows at what cost Russia has been given great battles and great victories. " In the future, the magazine recognized the "people of the year": W. Churchill, G. Truman, D. Marshall, M. Gorbachev.
Born on January 4
Julia Ormond (1965), theater and film actress
The actress was born in England, her dad was very rich, but after the divorce of her parents, she and her mother began to live very modestly. In school years, the girl was very militant, she was friends only with the boys. Julia studied at the College of Art and Design, and graduated from Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Arts.The girl starred in an advertisement for cottage cheese and with the help of this video first hit the screen. Then she worked in the theater, played a role in the play, this role was recognized as the best debut of 1989. Julia starred in the American TV series "Stalin", played the role of the leader’s second wife there. She later starred in the lead role in the film "Child of Macon." The girl has a purposeful character and a bright appearance, thanks to this she was included in the list of the most specious people of People magazine. This artist deservedly took a firm place among the popular leading actresses of the world. Her heroines played by strong-willed women who know how to proudly stand up for themselves, they are capable of strong feelings. All the heroines are different, and have interesting characters that are not alike. Julia is actively involved in social activities, took part in the action against human trafficking with pleasure, and is also a member of the movement to combat drug addiction and the AIDS virus. Since November 2005, the artist has been the UN Goodwill Ambassador.
Isaac Newton (164-1727), the greatest English physicist
The outstanding English scientist Isaac Newton was born on January 4, 1643 in the village of Woolsthorpe, in England. He lost his father early, his mother, having married a second time, left the boy under the care of her grandmother. In the primary grades, Isaac studied poorly, was withdrawn, and was often subjected to ridicule by his peers. However, becoming more senior, he pulled himself together and significantly improved his studies. His favorite subjects were mathematics, physics, mechanics, astronomy. In 1660, the young Newton entered Cambridge University and successfully graduated with a master's degree in art. Upon graduation, Newton became closely involved in practical physics and soon formed the first three laws of mechanics, a little later discovered the law of universal gravitation, created a telescope, and tried to spread the light into spectra. Newton's laws laid the foundation for the further development of such sciences as physics, chemistry, astronomy, mechanics, etc. He was the first to discover the phenomenon of motion of celestial bodies, Newton explained the movement of planets around the Sun and Moon around the Earth. His greatest discovery is the law of universal gravitation. He explained the movement of sound and the formation of sea waves. In honor of the outstanding achievements of the scientist, the name of the unit of physical measurement - Newton. The great scientist himself was a very modest man and did not consider his discoveries something outstanding. Or maybe he simply did not realize, to the end, the importance of his activities.
Zurab Tsereteli (1934 ...), an outstanding Soviet and Russian sculptor
Born on January 4, 1934 in Tbilisi in a family of engineers. In 1958 he graduated from the Academy of Arts in Tbilisi and almost immediately began his creative career. At first, he worked at the Institute of Archeology and Ethnography at the Academy of Sciences. While working at the Academy, Tsereteli gains tremendous experience in sculpture. In 1964, Zurab internship in France, where he takes lessons from the famous Pablo Picasso. His first famous work was a mosaic composition in the resort of Pitsunda. In subsequent years, Tsereteli mainly engaged in monumental and mosaic sculpture. The master draws up mosaic and stained glass compositions in Tbilisi, creates an amazing grand ensemble of a children's town in Adler, creates a unique design for the Izmailovo hotel complex. Later, Zurab Konstantinovich more and more uses metal and natural stone in his work. As a sculptor, monumentalist, he creates grandiose sculptural compositions richly decorated with sparkling mosaics, enamel and non-ferrous metal. In addition to the Russian Federation, the master creates sculptural works in Britain, the United States, Spain, Japan, Brazil and other countries. Abroad, such works as Happiness to the Children of the World, Science, Education to the World, Tear of Sorrow, etc., gained the greatest popularity. In the 90s, Tsereteli took an active part in creating the grandiose memorial complex Poklonnaya Gora in Moscow, dedicated to the great victory of the Russian people over the fascist invaders. With the support of the mayor of Moscow, Luzhkov, Tsereteli actually becomes the main sculptor of the city. Not a single cultural event takes place without the participation of the famous sculptor. In addition to the sculptural heritage, Tsereteli presented the world with almost 5,000 paintings painted by the master himself, because he considers himself primarily an artist. In addition to cultural activities, Zurab Tsereteli takes an active part in the political and public life of the country.
Louis Braille (1809-1852), creator of the alphabet for the blind
Creator of the alphabet for the blind, born January 4, 1809 in the city of Couvre, in France. At the age of three, the child received a severe eye injury, which resulted in blindness. Thanks to his father, the boy learned to read and write. Parent made special boards for his son with engraved letters and notes. At the age of ten, little Louis was sent to study at a school for the blind at the royal court. There he learned to play the piano and organ. In the future, this knowledge allowed Louis to earn a living. At the age of 12, Louis began to work on creating a relief dot font for the blind. The font looked like a plaque with six convex points, each letter corresponding to a certain combination of such points. By the age of fifteen, the boy had completed the creation of the alphabet for the blind. The alphabet consisted of letters, numbers and punctuation marks. On the basis of this development, Louis also created a musical notation for blind people. The fonts created by Louis will subsequently be referred to as "Braille." During the life of Louis Braille, his invention was not properly distributed and millions of blind people still could not work and study. Only a few years after the death of Braille, his followers were able to give an impetus to the wide dissemination of this remarkable invention. Braille fonts appeared in Russia in 1885. Nowadays, all people who suffer from vision problems with warmth and gratitude remember Louis Braille when they use it.
January 4th
Anastasia, Fedor, Dmitry, Irakli
